Soldering, solder fumes. Do the solder fumes carry the actual metal itself? Possibly, it does, but only very tiny amounts, so the risk of inhaling lead, for example, is much lower than the risk of inhaling the other fumes. So, what are the other fumes? Those are the flux. Yes, the cleaning chemical designed to remove impurities from your solder work area, and to generally help make soldering easier and more effective.
The problem I’ve discovered about soldering but was never told about before? Not only does the flux clean off your workpiece, it also cleans off your drywall ceiling texture finish! Arg, dang, now I have tiny little “pin pricks” on my ceiling where the drywall paper is exposed, and not only does it absorb water and darken when you try to clean it with water, but it is also distinctively a more “creamy white” “off-white” yellowish color than the surrounding ceiling. Okay, okay, this is unacceptable, although the markings are very tiny and only visible in the thinnest areas of the ceiling texture, if this keeps going on it’s not going to look very pretty at all.
Now I wonder, was this happening with my original solder or just my newly purchased solder? Looking closely at the markings, I see there are markings consistent to state that it happened with my original solder too. In fact, if I look at the place where I originally made my first few solders, with much lower quantity solder consumed than my current project, I can see there is tiny, barely visible reshaping of the ceiling texture around there, into the more “funny” looking texture rather than the originally constructed texture visible elsewhere on the undisturbed parts of the ceiling. Alas, no drywall paper is visible. Yes, it is all in the quantity, but even the tiniest amount that touches the ceiling does its damage.
So, off I am to shopping for those more purpose-built soldering fume extraction fans with the internal activated carbon air filter to trap the solder flux fumes. The simple desktop fan I’m using isn’t good enough because although it vents the flux fumes away from me, the fumes still travel through the room until they touch the ceiling and damage it. You can’t just blow your air pollution elsewhere, it will keep going until it stops on something to damage.
Looking around, these devices are quite expensive. For what reason? Of course, the price you pay is for the efficiency of the air filter, the better air filtering devices are considerably more expensive. Basic devices that are just a fan with an activated carbon air filter cost $100 or less. Better filters that filter >99.9% of particles are dubbed HEPA (High-Efficiency articular Air) and cost several hundred dollars.
20200508/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA
After reading the Wikipedia article, I noticed that it said a certain piece of paper inserted into a German gas mask was found to have a remarkable filtering efficiency. Ah, wow… maybe I’ll try making my own filters?
20200508/DuckDuckGo how well can paper filter air
20200508/https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/paper-towel-effective-against-viruses-diy-mask/
20200508/https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/best-materials-make-diy-face-mask-virus/
Yes, yes, looking around, here’s the inner scoop. Thick paper, like standard office paper, does filter air with a pretty high efficiency, but of course it’s not very breathable, so it’s hard to vent air through thick paper with a fan for its filtering effect. But, paper towels are quite a bit more breathable than thick paper, and layering two paper towels together does provide for 72% percent air filtering of larger particles, though small particle efficiency is only 32%. So, I have an immediate DIY solution to try out.
Immediately around the edges of my fan, on the exhaust side, layer two paper towels, maybe even use a pleating fold for better air filtering effect. To block air pretty readily, while still allowing some particle trapping function, use office paper. Use this in the areas around my workstation where I do not want air to escape, i.e. in the sides opposite of the fan. Also, using paper or cardboard to protect the ceiling is another good idea. Plastic wrap, yeah that will block the fume clouds completely, but there is still the risk that they may travel sideways until they do touch an unprotected area of the ceiling. Yeah, for lightweight absorption protection, use paper towels.
Another heads up, you thought the leaded solder flux fumes were bad? Well, lead-free solder flux fumes are purportedly far more profuse, so absolutely be on the lookout to use a fume absorber when working with lead-free solder.
So, what kind of device to buy? The cheapest devices are simply a fan and an activated carbon filter. When the filter turns white (apparently the color of solder flux) and air is not sucked very well, then it’s time to change the filter. Here is one of the better such design iterations of that general parts list. It does, of course, come at an elevated price compared to the traditional design.
20200511/https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/FA400-04/1691-1039-ND/6228795/?itemSeq=326143837
If you really don’t mind the traditional design, well then, chances are you’re better off making your own such fan as it will be cheaper, and having built it yourself, you will be more confident that you can disassemble, recycle, or otherwise repair it.
20200511/https://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Fume-Extractor-for-5/
What is the filter efficiency of these fans? Purportedly, they are at least 80% efficient at filtering out air impurities. If you really want 99.97% efficiency, well then, that come at a considerable price and weight, but you do get the added feature that such units come with hoses so that the noise-generating fan filtration unit can be located farther away from you. Also, they have an indicator light that tells you when the filter(s) need to be changed. Here is the cheapest such device I’ve found, again from the same manufacturer, 99.97% filter efficiency.
20200511/https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/american-hakko-products-inc/FA430-16/1691-1040-ND/6228796
Hose and ducting kit sold separately:
20200511/https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/american-hakko-products-inc/C1571/1691-1035-ND/6228791
Oops… so that’s the trick. If you want the whole price to be cheapest, go for this one instead, which is why it ranks higher in Digi-Key’s search results. But please note, H13 = 99.95% efficiency. U.S. standards recommend >= 99.97% efficiency.
20200511/https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/apex-tool-group/ZEROSMOGELKIT1N/ZEROSMOGELKIT1N-ND/6175267
However… indeed there is a think twice factor for the cheaper fume extractors. According to this article, the problem with the cheaper fume extractors is that they simply don’t actually provide the required protection in regard to actual solder fumes. Activated carbon filters are designed primarily to filter out odors, not particulate matter like smoke. Also, very important, make sure to double-check the actual filter efficiency and fan speed to verify it actually functions as well as it should.
20200511/DuckDuckGo how long does a solder fume filter last
20200511/https://www.sentryair.com/blog/solder-fume-control/comparing-solder-fume-extractors-its-all-about-the-filter/
Oh, and what about ceiling damage from solder flux? Colophony is the base product of rosin flux, it is the result after turpentine is distilled from the resin of pine trees. There you go, paint remover chemicals right there. Solder flux comes right out from paint remover chemicals.
20200511/https://www.sentryair.com/solder-fume-extractor.htm